PTU - Polskie Towarzystwo Urologiczne
home page
current numbers
archival numbers
list of articles:
list przewodni/covering letter
editor
Scientific Committee
publisher
subscription
advertising
important links

Prostate — specific antigen (PSA) in patients with prostate cancer
Article published in Urologia Polska 1992/45/2.

authors

Antonina Marczyńska, Jan Kulpa
Z Zakładu Analityki i Biochemii Klinicznej Centrum Onkologii,
Oddział w Krakowie
Kierownik Zakładu: prof. dr hab. med. A. Marczyńska Dyrektor Centrum Onkologii, Oddział w Krakowie: prof. dr hab. med. J. Skołyszewski

summary

PSA is organ specific biochemical serum marker of prostate. PSA is produced exclusively by the epithelial prostatic cells — normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic and also by metastases of prostate cancer. PSA is a glycoprotein and its molecular weight is 34 kDt.
In normal men serum concentration is negligible. In patients with BPH it is slightly elevated. In prostate cancer the fre±uency of increase in concentration depends on the advancement. In early stages it appears in around 50% of patients, in stage D in 100,0%. In advanced prostate cancer the concentration may be as high as thausands ng/ml.
The greatest clinical usefulness of PSA as a tumor marker for prostate cancer consists in the control of treatment both radical (surgery, radiotherapy) and palliative (endocrine, radiotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy, combined treatment) and in further monitoring. Irrespectively of treatment modality PSA concentration reflects the response to treatment and local tumor status. This tumor marker is capable of Predicting of recurrence (local or generallized) before its detection by any other method.

references

  1. 1.Bernstein L. H., Rudolph R. A., Pinto M. M., Viner N., Zuckerman H.: Medically
  2. significant concentration of Prostate-specific antigen in serum assessed. Clin. Chem., 1990,. 36,
  3. 515.
  4. 2. Chybowski F. M., Larson Keller J. J., Begstralh E. J., Oesterling J. E.: Predicting radionuclide bone scan findings in patients with newly diagnosed, untreated prostate cancer:prostate specific antigen is superior to all other clinical parameters. J. Urol., 1991, 145, 313.
  5. 3. Cooner W. H., Mosley B. R., Rutherford C. L. Beard J. H., Pond H. S., Bass R. B., Terry J. W.: Clinical application of transrectal ultrasonography and prostate specific antigen in the search for prostate cancer. J. Urol., 1988, 139, 758. —
  6. 4. Csapo Z., Brand K., Walther R., Fokas
  7. K.: Comparative experimental study of the serum prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase in serially transplantable human prostatic carcinoma lines in nude mice. J. Urol., 1988, 140, 1032. —
  8. 5. Dejter S. W., Martin J. S., McPherson R. A., Lynch J. H.: Daily variability in human serum prostatic—specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase: compara-
  9. tive evaluation. Urology, 1988, 32, 288.
  10. 6. Emtage L. A., Lewis P. W., Blacklegdge G. R. P.: The role of prostate specific antigen in the base line assesment of patients undergoing hormone therapy for advanced prostate cancer. Brit. J. Urol., 1987, 60, 572. —
  11. 7. Ercole C. J., Lange P. H., Mathisen M., Chiou R. K., Reddy P. K., Vessella R. L.: Prostate specific antigen and
  12. prostatic acid phosphatase in the monitoring and staging of patients with prostate cancer. J. Urol., 1987, 138, 1181. —
  13. 8. Gittes R. F.: Medical progress: carcinoma of the prostate. New
  14. Engl. J. Med., 1991, 324, 236. —
  15. 9. Grignon D., Troster M.: Changes in immunohistochemical staining in prostatic adenocarcinoma following diethystilbestrol therapy. Prostate, 1985, 7, 195.
  16. 10. Guinan P., Bhatti R., Ray P.: An evaluation of prostate specific antigen in prostatic cancer. J. Urol., 1987, 137, 686.
  17. 11.Hortin G. L,, Bahnson R. R., Duft M., Chan K. M., Catalona W. J., Ladenson I. H.: Differences obtained with 2 assays of prostate specific antigen. J. Urol., 1988, 139, 762.
  18. 12 Hudson M. A., Bahnson R. R., Catalona W. J.: Clinical use of prostate antigen in patients with prostate cancer. J. Urol., 1989, 142, 1011.
  19. 13 — Kobalin J. N. Hodge K. K., McNeal J. E., Freiha F. S., Stamey T.: Identification of residual cancer in the prostate following radiation
  20. therapy: role of transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy and prostate specific antigen. J. Urol., 1989, 142, 326.
  21. 14 Killian C. S., Emrich L. J., Vargas F. P., Yang N., Wang M. C. Priore R.
  22. L., Murphy G. P., Chu T. M.: Relative reliability of five serially measured markers for prognosis of progression in prostate cancer. INCI, 1986, 76, 179. —
  23. 15. Kulpa J., Marczyńska
  24. A., Wójcik E., Bugajski A., Leńko J.: Ocena swoistego antygenu sterczowego (PSA) w osoczu chorych na raka stercza. Urol. Pol., 1988, 47, 1. —
  25. 16. Landmann C, Hunig R.: Prostatic
  26. specific antigen as an indicator of response to radiotherapy in prostate cancer. Int. J. Rad. Onc. Biol. Phys., 1989, 17, 1073. —
  27. 17. Leńko J.: Rak stercza. Urol. Pol., 1984, 37, 245. —
  28. 18. Leo ME., Bilhartz D. L., Bergstralh E. J., Oestrerling J. E.:Prostate-specific antigen in hormonally treated stage D2 prostate cancer: is it alway an accurate indicator of disease status? J. Urol., 1991, 145, 802. —
  29. 19. Liedtke R. J., Batjer J. D.:Measurement of Prostate-specific antigen by radioimmunoassay. Clin. Chem., 1984, 30, 5, 649. —
  30. 20. Marczyńska A.: Biochemiczne aspekty chorób nowotworowych. W Biochemia kliniczna w praktyce lekarskiej. Red. J. Sznajd, PZWL, Warszawa, 1983.
  31. 21. Marczyńska A.: Zastosowanie oznaczeń stężenia w osoczu biochemicznych markerów nowotworowych w wybranych lokalizacjach procesu nowotworowego. Diagn. Lab., 1991, 23, 20. —
  32. 22. Marczyńska A., Kulpa J., Leńko J.: Serum level of PSA in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol., Abs. of 15th International Cancer Congress, 1990, 116, Suppl., 718. —
  33. 23. Nadji M., Tabei S. Z., Castro A., Chu T. M., Murphy G. P., Wang M. C, Morales A. R.: Prostatic-specific antigen. An Immunohistologic marker for prostatic neoplasms. Cancer, 1981, 48, 1229. —
  34. 24. Oesterling J. E.: Prostate specific antigen: A critical assessment of the most useful tumor marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. J. Urol., 1991 145, 907. —
  35. 25. Oesterling J. E., Chan D. W., Epstein J., Kimball A. W., Bruzek D. J., Rock R. C, Brendler C. B., Walsh P. C:Prostate specific antigen in the preoperative and postoperative evaluation of localized prostatic cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. J. Urol., 1988, 139, 766. —
  36. 26. Papsidero L. D., Kuriyama M., Wang M. C, Horoszewicz J., Leong S. S., Valenzuela L., Murphy G. P., Chu T. M.: Prostate antigen: a marker for prostate epithelial cells. JNCI, 1981, 66, 37. —
  37. 27. Pretlow T. G., Pretlow T, P., Yang B., Kaetzel C. S., Delmoro C. M., Kamis S. M., Bodner R. D., Kursh E., Resnick M. I., Bradley E. L.: Tissue concentrations of Prostate-specific antigen in prostatic carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int. J. Cancer, 1991, 49, 645. —
  38. 28. Seamouds B., Yang N., Anderson K.: Evaluation of Prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase as prostate cancer markers. Urology, 1986, 28, 472. —
  39. 29. Skołyszewski J., Leńko J., Marczyńska A., Pawlęga J., Pawlicki M.: Wybrane aspekty diagnostyki i terapii raka stercza. Nowotwory, 1990, 4, 299. —
  40. 30. Stamey A. T., Kobalin J. N.: Prostate specific antigen in the diagnosis and treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. I. Untreated patients. J. Urol., 1989, 141, 1070.
  41. 31. Stamey T. S., Kobalin J. N., Ferrari M.: Prostate specific antigen in the diagnosis and treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. III. Radiation treated patients. J. Urol., 1989, 141, 1084. —
  42. 32. Stamey T. A., Kobalin J. N., Ferrari M., Yang N.: Prostate specific antigen in the diagnosis and treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. IV. Anti-androgen treated patients. J. Urol., 1989, 141, 1088. —
  43. 33. Stamey A. T., Kobalin J. N., McNeal J. E., Johnstone I. M., Freiha F., Redwine E. A., Yang N.: Prostate specific antigen in the diagnos is and treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. II. Radical prostatectomy treated patients. J. Urol. 1989, 141, 1076. —
  44. 34. Stamey T. A., Yang N., Hay A. R., McNeal J. E., Frehia F. S., Redwine E.: Prostate-specific antigen as a serum marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. New. Engl. J. Med., 1987, 317, 15, 909. —
  45. 35. Stremme J. H., Haffner F., Johannessen N. B., Talseth T., Frederichsen P., Theodorsen L.: Diagnostic efficiency of biological markers in blood serum on prostate cancer: a Comparison of four different markers and 12 different methods. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest., 1986, 46, 443. —
  46. 36. Wang M. C, Kuriyama M., Papsidero L. D.: Prostate antigen of human cancer patients. Methods Cancer Res., 1982, 19, 179. —
  47. 37. Wang M. C, Loor R. M., Li S. L., Chu T. M.: Physico-chemical characterization of prostate antigen purified from human prostate gland and seminal plasma. IRCS Med. Science, 1983, 11, 327. —
  48. 38. Wang M. C, Valanzuela L. A., Murphy G. P., Chu T. M.: Purification of human Prostate-specific antigen. Invest. Urol., 1979, 17, 159. —
  49. 39. Weber J. P., Oesterling J. E., Peters C. A., Partin A. W Chan D. W., Walsh P. C: The influence of reversible androgen deprivation on serum prostate specific antigen levels in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J. Urol., 1989, 141, 987.

correspondence

prof. dr hab. med. Antonina Marczyńska Zakład Analityki i Biochemii Klinicznej Centrum Onkologii Oddział w Krakowie, ul. Garncarska 11, 31-115 Kraków