PTU - Polskie Towarzystwo Urologiczne
list of articles:

RISK OF HIV INFECTION DURING UROLOGICAL PROCEDURES
Article published in Urologia Polska 1997/50/3.

authors

Zbigniew Wolski, Aleksander Łapuć, Andrzej Szymański
Katedra i Klinika Urologii Akademii Medycznej w Bydgoszczy
Kierownik: prof. AM. Dr hab. Med. Z Wolski

summary

There are no specific syndromes of HIV infection in genitourinary tract.
Presence of Kaposi Sarcoma or lymphoma may give evidence of HIV infection.
Also testicular tumors are more fre±uent diagnosed at AIDS patients. Every
opportunistic infection of genitourinary tract caused by unusual pathogens
viral, fungal, tuberculosis
people. Haematuria of unknown etiology may be an indication for HIV testing.
The main mode of transmission of HIV infection are sexual contacts but also
exposure to blood, semen and urine containing infected blood. Possible
transmission of HIV infection to health care workers occurs during physical
examination, especially digital rectal examination. There is also exposure to
HIV infection performing transrectal ultrasound examination and the prostate
biopsy. Endoscopic procedures (cystoscopy, TUR, PCNL, URS) make also
possible exposure to infected blood mixed with urine. Risk for HIV transmission
to health care workers isn't high and is estimated less than 0.5%.

references

  1. [1] Cespedes, R. D., Peretsman, S. ]., Blatt, P. S.: The significance of hematu-
  2. ria in patients infected with the human Immunodeficiency virus. J. Urol., 1995,
  3. 154, 1455.
  4. [2] Clairmont, G. ]., Zon, L. I., Groopman, J. E.: Haemophilus parainfluenzae
  5. prostaatitis in homosexual man with chronic lymphadenopathy syndrome and HTLV
  6. - III infection. Am. J. Med., 1987, 82, 175.'
  7. [3] Creallin, A. M., Hudson, B. V, Bennett, M. H., Harland, S., Hudson, G. V.:
  8. Non- Hodgkin's lymphoma of the testis. Radiother. Oncol, 1993, 27 (2), 99.
  9. [4] Davies, J. H., Harrison, G. S.: Should Urologists wear spectacles for transure-
  10. thral resection of the prostate? Br. I. Urol., 1991, 67, 182.
  11. [5] D±browiecki, S., Waszak, B.: Organizacja dezynfekcji i sterylizacji sprzętu
  12. endoskopowego. Acta Endoscopica Polona, 1993, 4, 194.
  13. [6] Henry, K., Thurn, J.: Zakażenie HIV u pracowników służby zdrowia. Medycy-
  14. na po Dyplomie, 1992, 1, 87.
  15. [7] Juszczyk, ]., Gładysz, A.: AIDS ? epidemiologia, patogeneza, klinika, lecze-
  16. nie, zapobieganie, poradnictwo. VOLUMED, Wrocław 1992.
  17. [8] Kaplan, M. S., Wechsler, M., Benson, M. C: Urologic manifestations of
  18. AIDS. Urology, 1987, 30, 441.
  19. [9] Kiessling, A. A.: Human Immunodeficiency virus in semen. Current Opinion
  20. in Urology, 1994, 4, 60.
  21. [10] Krieger, J. N.: The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and related conditions
  22. W CampbeWs Urology. 6th Edition Saunders Company, 1992 ,Vol. 1, 846.
  23. [11] Libert, M. H.: Urological manifestations of HIV infection. EBU Upadate Se-
  24. ries, 1994, Vol. 3, No. 113.
  25. [12] Lowe, F. C, Lattimer, D. G., Metroka, C. E.: Kaposi's Sarcoma of the penis
  26. in patients with AIDS. J. Urol., 1989, 142, 1475.
  27. [13] Marek, T., Nowak, A. A.: Dezynfekcja sprzętu endoskopowego. Acta Endo-
  28. scopica Polona, 1992, 2, 67.
  29. [14] Miles, B. ]., Meiser, M., Farah, R. Markowitz, N., Fisher, E.: The urolo-
  30. gical manifestations of the ac±uired immunodeficiency syndrome. J. Urol., 1989,
  31. 142, 771.
  32. [15] Mohler, J. L., Jarów, J. R, Marshall, F. F.: Unusual urological presentations
  33. of AIDS: Large cell lymphoma. J. Urol, 1987, 138, 627.
  34. [16] Morgan, A. R., Wastell, C: Zagrożenie HIV w miejscu pracy. Chir. Współ.,
  35. 1994,1,10.
  36. [17] Morita, M.: Closed video transurethral resection of the prostate for the preven-
  37. tion of infection. Eur. Urol, 1995, 27, 31.
  38. [18] Parr, N. J., Prasad, B. R., Hayhurst, V., Mc Millan, A., Leen, C. S.,
  39. Fowler, J. W.: Suppurative epididymo-orchitis in young "high-risk" patients ?
  40. a new problem? Br. J. Urol, 1993, 72, 949.
  41. [19] Rogers, C, Klatt, E. C: Pathology of the testis in acquired Immunodeficiency
  42. syndrome. Histopathology, 1988, 12, 659.
  43. [20] Spector, D. A., Katz, R. S., Fuller, H.: Acute non-dilating obstructive renal
  44. failure in a patient whit AIDS. Am. J. Nephrol., 1989, 9,129.
  45. [21] Tessier, A. N., Catanese, A.: AIDS and germ cell tumors of testis. Urology,
  46. 1987, 30, 203.
  47. [22] Whelan, J. P., Finlayson, B.: Decreasing the risk of human immunodeficiency
  48. virus of hepatitis B virus infection during endoscopic surgery. J. Urol., 1991,145,
  49. 807.
  50. [23] Wilson, W. T., Rrenkel, E., Vuitch, F., Sagalovsky, A.: Testicular tumors
  51. in men with human immunodeficiency virus. J. Urol., 1992, 147, 1038.
  52. [24] Zighelboim, }., Goldfarb, R. A., Mody, D., Wiliams, T. W., Fradshaw,
  53. M. W., Harris, R. L.: Prostatic abscess due to histoplasma capsulatum in a
  54. patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J. Urol., 1992, 147, 166.